Society

30 quotes by Muhammad Ali to fire you up

Muhammad Ali didn’t just revolutionize boxing — he electrified language. Through punchlines that were humorous, profound, or prophetic, he embodied more than a champion....

Black people in France before abolition: Free, but never equal

Before 1848, Black people in France were theoretically free. But between racist laws, exclusions, and discrimination, equality remained an illusion. Free, but never equal: The...

The war in Cameroon: A bloody decolonization long kept in silence

As African independences are being commemorated, one name remains strangely absent from official narratives: that of the Cameroon War. Between 1955 and 1971, a...

Human Zoos: Anatomy of colonial dehumanization

From the 19th to the 20th century, Europe and America organized exhibitions where non-European men, women, and children were caged, scrutinized, and humiliated in...

Jean-Claude Duvalier or the failure of a black republic

Jean-Claude Duvalier, heir to a throne built on fear, did not govern—he prolonged the shadow. From his teenage rise to power to his gilded...

Mé 67: Three days of fire, fifty years of oblivion

In May 1967 (Mé 67), Guadeloupe erupted in a blaze of social and racial anger. Three days of fire, blood, and silence—still denied by...

The law of may 20, 1802, or when Bonaparte reinstated slavery in the colonies

On May 20, 1802, Napoleon signed a law reinstating slavery in the colonies. A forgotten page of republican history, where liberty receded and chains...

Malcolm X and back entrepreneurship

Malcolm X advocated for economic autonomy as a weapon of liberation. From Detroit to today’s neighborhoods, his message about Black entrepreneurship remains powerfully relevant....

COINTELPRO and Malcolm X: A secret war against black voices

Beyond the assassination of Malcolm X lies a state strategy: surveillance, infiltration, sabotage. A look back at COINTELPRO, the FBI's secret program designed to...

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